Given below are two statements: one is labeled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labeled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: For a simple microscope, the angular size of the object equals the angular size of the image.
Reason $R$: Magnification is achieved as the small object can be kept much closer to the eye than $25$ cm and hence it subtends a large angle.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (D) Both $A$ and $R$ are true and $R$ is the correct explanation of $A$
With the lens held close to the eye, the object and its virtual image subtend the same angle at the lens (rays through the optical centre are undeviated). So A is true.
The gain comes from the fact that the lens lets the eye view the object from much closer than $25$ cm while the image stays at a comfortable distance, so the object (and hence the image) subtends a larger angle than it would at $25$ cm. So R is true and explains A.
Solution by Sreeraj P, M.Sc Physics